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Airport  
Tashkent International Airport is 11km from the centre of the city and the journey is best made by taxi. Trolley buses and normal buses do operate between the two but are crowded and seldom operate at the times most international flights arrive or depart. Some hotels can arrange transfers in clean, comfortable cars when advance reservations are made. Taxi fares are negotiable and since most arriving passengers will not have the local currency most drivers are more than willing to accept US dollars as payment. The price will depend on your negotiating skill and the type of car they have, Ladas being less expensive than new foreign imports, but expect to pay between $5 and $15. Drivers generally speak little or no English but most recognise the names of the hotels. It is not possible to hire self-drive cars.
Orientation
The biggest headache for many visitors to Tashkent is that many streets have changed their names since independence while many of the old signs have remained. This, together with out-of-date maps and a new telephone system, is likely to cause some confusion. A degree of patience is required. Most people’s experience of the city is of its downtown area which centres on Amir Temur Park. This is where the main ministries are as well as many state enterprises, banks, theatres, museums, cafés, restaurants and hotels. Around this central district, the city divides in two: the area to the east of Amir Temur monument is built on a grid system and resembles a spider's web while that to the west is less uniform. To the south-west of the city lie the airport and the main bus station. To the north-east, roads lead out towards the Chimgan Mountains and the Kazakh border, to the north is the main residential district and to the north-west, the university and many schools.
Excursions
Samarkand: Temur’s capital city is a four-hour drive or an hour’s flight from Tashkent. The most important sites are: the Registan, the most magnificent Square in Central Asia; Gur Emir, the mausoleum of Temur and Ulug Bek; Shah-i-Zinda, Tomb of the Living King; the Bibi-Khanym Mosque; and Ulug Bek's Observatory. If you travel by car, hire a driver for the day. Flying is quicker but more expensive, and once there you’ll want to hire a car as the sites are spread over the city and not walkable. Guides can be hired at the Samarkand Hotel. The best shopping is found in the madrasas in the Registan Square. They sport the usual suzanis, books, jewellery, clay figurines, embroidered hats, vests, pillow cases, etc. There is a small rug shop connected with a nearby factory which makes silk carpets. A tour can be arranged by talking to the director, Furkat Nijasov. Across from the open entrance of the Registan is a shop with suzanis and pottery at reasonable prices. The Hotel Samarkand also has an art gallery, though the prices are steep and the paintings on the bizarre side. There is also an art 
gallery down the street to the left of the hotel, with an array of Uzbek, Tajik, and Russian paintings, as well as a small collection of jewellery, suzanis, and books on Central Asia. 
Bukhara: Bukhara is a seven hour drive from Tashkent, or a one and a half hour flight. You can get to all the sites by foot, although you may want to hire a car to ferry you from the airport and to some of the outlying sites. Guides are available through the Bukhara Hotel. There’s a lot to see in Bukhara and you’ll need more than one day to make the most of it. Sites include the beautiful pool of Lyabi-I-Khauz, where you can relax on a chaikana, which is flanked by two grand buildings, the Nadir Divanbegi and khanaga whilst across the road is the Kukeldash madrasa; the Kalyan mosque and minaret before which Genghis Khan bowed; the unique 10c brick mausoleum of Ismael Samani with its intricate designs; the massive Ark fortress, which contained the Emir's inner city; the Miri-Arab and Uleg Bek madrasas; the Chor Minor and the covered bazaar. Outside town is the Summer Palace of Bukhara’s last emir. A special meal can be had at the restored Dom Faisullah Khodjaeva. 
Khiva: Khiva is the most inaccessible of the three main cities. You must fly to Urgench, a banal Soviet city, before negotiating the final 28km by bus, minibus, or taxi. If you want en suite bathrooms and air-conditioning stay in Urgench at either the Khorezm or Jayhun hotel. But it is preferable to stay in Khiva and the best choice is the Arkanchy Guesthouse. Another choice is a madrasa inside the Old City's West Gate which offers basic accommodation in the cells of the old religious building. Old Khiva is a museum city, protected by UNESCO, with very little happening within its walls. Most tourists visit its stark, mud-brick buildings, madrasas, palaces, and streets on an excursion from Urgench, but to capture its real atmosphere take a walk at dawn or dusk after everyone has left. Visas can be obtained for day excursions into neighbouring Turkmenistan to see the huge Islamic cemetery at Kunya Urgench, the site of Central Asia’s tallest minaret. 
Shakhrisabz: The birthplace of Temur has several monuments of note, including the massive remains of Temur’s palace gate. Shakhrisabz is 80km from Samarkand over a steep mountain pass which is closed in the winter but offers a great view in the spring/early autumn. A detour can be made to include it if travelling by car between Samarkand and Bukhara. 
Additional activities: Trekking is an option south of Shakhrisabz in the Gissar Mountains and north-east of Tashkent in the Chimgan Mountains. Chimgan also offers skiing in winter.
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Most hotels will usually get a taxi for you. Many wait either in the hotel car park or near the entrance driveway. Generally speaking the better the hotel the better the car and the more expensive the fare. If in town look out for the official taxis with a checkerboard stamp on the side. Accepting rides from ‘private’ taxis can be dangerous. Never get into a car which already has other occupants in it. Taxi drivers don’t use their meters, so you will need to negotiate the price before getting in. Average fares cost around $3-5. Tashkent’s metro system, the only one in Central Asia, opened in 1977. It is quick, clean and inexpensive, costing about one or two cents per trip. The Chilanzar line runs north-east to south-west and includes stops for the Embassy and the Hotel Uzbekistan. Trains can be busy during rush hour. Tickets can be bought for other means of transport including buses, trolley buses and trams in local currency. Be sure to check the routes before boarding. Again these are busy during rush hour, and you may be better off hailing a cab rather than fighting the melée. Street names can be confusing. Some have been changed to Uzbek names while others still use their Soviet names and not all maps show the current ones in use.
What to see
Museum of Decorative and Applied Art: This small museum, in a former residence of a diplomat named Polovtsev, is a beautiful example of Uzbek architecture. From the tree-shaded courtyard one enters the main room complete with Mihrab niche and an elegant iron stove used for heating. Fine wood carving and delicate colourings decorate the room. The remainder of the house is filled with well-presented displays of jewellery, glass and ceramics. It has a good quality, if increasingly expensive, gift shop offering modern handicrafts and some antiques.
The Museum of Fine Arts: Exhibits at this impressive museum include a collection of works put together by Grand Duke Romanov and later confiscated from him. Among the works on display are European paintings and sculptures from the 15c-20c as well as icons from Novgorod. In addition, many Soviet artists are represented including Volkov and Benkov. Uzbek paintings are also in evidence.
Aybek Museum of the History of the Peoples of Uzbekistan: The oldest museum in the region started life as the Tashkent Public  Museum in 1876 and incorporates the former Lenin Museum. Sections are given over to the ancient, medieval and modern history of Uzbekistan with a new room covering post-independence Uzbekistan. Of particular note are displays on archaeology from the Termez region in southern Uzbekistan which is rarely visited by foreigners and an alabaster Buddha brought from China in the 1c or 2c century by Chinese missionaries. Open daily except Monday. 
Abdul-Khasim Madrasa: Built in 1895, this fine building survived the earthquake of 1966 and for a while provided shelter for homeless people. Standing opposite the Wedding Palace, on Navoi Square, it now houses and displays the work of local artisans. Fine detailed miniature paintings, wood carving and inlay work are just a few of the crafts represented. 
Alisher Navoi Opera and Ballet Theatre: For locals, a visit to the theatre is an opportunity to dress up in their finest attire, as well as to see excellent and heavily subsidised opera and ballet. Children, in particular, arrive resplendent in velvet and lace. Performances generally start at 1900 and tickets can be purchased at many hotel service desks or directly from the theatre box office. Tours of the building are often possible during the day. Although built it in the Soviet era, the theatre has much character, with a neo-classical facade and Muslim additions. 
Weather and Climate
The summers can be very hot but with low humidity the temperatures are bearable. The winters are cold, sometimes below freezing, but are generally sunny and dry.
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